Law, Insurance And Security

Corruption Perceptions Index

2010-01-22T19:33:00.000-08:00

Since 1995, Transparency International has published an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)^[1] ordering the countries of the world according to "the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians".^[2] The organization defines corruption as "the abuse of entrusted power for private gain".^[3]
The 2003 poll covered 133 countries; the 2007 survey, 180. A higher score means less (perceived) corruption. The results show seven out of every ten countries (and nine out of every ten developing countries) with an index of less than 5 points out of 10.

Methods and interpretation

Transparency International commissioned Johann Graf Lambsdorff of the University of Passau to produce the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI).^[2] The CPI 2005 draws on "16 different polls and surveys from 10 independent institutions… The institutions who provided data for the CPI 2005 are: Columbia University, Economist Intelligence Unit, Freedom House, Information International, International Institute for Management Development, Merchant International Group, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, World Economic Forum and World Markets Research Centre. Early CPIs used public opinion surveys, but now only "experts" are used. TI requires at least three sources to be available in order to rank a country in the CPI.^[2]
"TI writes in their FAQ on the CPI that "residents' viewpoints correlate well with those of experts abroad. In the past, the experts surveyed in the CPI sources were often business people from industrialised countries; the viewpoint of less developed countries was underrepresented. This has changed over time, giving increasingly voice to respondents from emerging market economies."^[2]
As this index is based on polls, the results are subjective and corrupt in itself, and less reliable for countries with fewer sources. Also, what is legally defined (or perceived) to be corruption, differs between jurisdictions: a political donation legal in some jurisdiction may be illegal in another; a matter viewed as acceptable tipping in one country may be viewed as bribery in another. In former Soviet states, the term "corruption" itself has become a proxy for the broader frustration with all changes since the breakup of the USSR. In the Arab world, terms for corruption had to be invented by advocates as recently as the 1990s.
Statistics like this are, by nature, imprecise; statistics from different years aren't necessarily comparable. The ICCR itself explains, "…year-to-year changes in a country's score result not only from a changing perception of a country's performance but also from a changing sample and methodology. Each year, some sources are not updated and must be dropped from the CPI, while new, reliable sources are added. With differing respondents and slightly differing methodologies, a change in a country's score may also relate to the fact that different viewpoints have been collected and different questions been asked… [despite] anti-corruption reform… [or] recent exposure of corruption scandals… [i]t is often difficult to improve a CPI score over a short time period, such as one or two years. The CPI is based on data from the past three years (for more on this, see the question on the sources of data, below). This means that a change in perceptions of corruption would only emerge in the index over longer periods of time".^[4]

^{Source : Wikipedia}

Insurance For Breast

2010-01-19T22:15:00.000-08:00

Insurance limbs are not uncommon in developing countries, but in the more developed countries the body is an important asset that must have insurance. Especially for artists or people who most important asset is her body shape. Insurance Information Network of California, United States, said that the phenomenon has emerged even since 1920.

When the silent film actor Ben Turpin insuring two pupils valued at U.S. $ 20 thousand. Then the actress Marlene Dietrich, who pledge part of his worth U.S. $ 1 million. Jimmy Durante actor crazy even genitals never insure a super-sized, nicknamed "Schnozzola"-for U.S. $ 50 thousand.

In the decade of 1980 Dolly Parton insured her breasts measuring 42 inches, with a coverage price of U.S. $ 600 thousand. Singer Bruce Springsteen, his vocal cords are also insured up to U.S. $ 6 million.

Or, Tina Turner pop princess who has a liability of U.S. $ 2 million for a pair of legs. But among all the most 'well' crazy is Jennifer Lopez who insure their buttocks with a sum insured of U.S. $ 300 million.

Selain bokong, Lopez dikabarkan pula ikut mengasuransikan payudara dengan nilai pertanggungan US$ 200 juta, rambut US$ 50 juta, dan setiap kilogram dari 54,4 kilogram tubuhnya sebesar US$ 18,4 juta. Total nilai asuransi tubuh perempuan kelahiran Bronx New York itu mencapai US$ 1 miliar.

IVF Insurance

2010-01-15T20:42:00.001-08:00

As is known if an IVF program participate chance we could be twins ... 2 or more compared with normal pregnancies. Well statistics show that the chance of twins prematurely and in the ICU considerable. Continue for the cost of expensive intensive care unit in Singapore and many went bankrupt immediately after giving birth to premature babies will come out rules test-tube babies in Singapore and will give birth in Singapore should take out test-tube babies.

In the form or the cost of insurance premiums written to pay. Once paid, the amount depending on the number of embryos transferred, one SGD50 embryos, two embryo SGD105, SGD698 three embryos, four embryos SGD1958. The greater the number of embryos transferred greater the number of premiums to be paid considering the greater risk, too. Because the rules and it seems that will help later on, yes I finally take out test-tube babies.

Can this insurance is also yes because it helps reduce the cost burden in the event of birth complications later, is not it?

Safe Sex When You're Pregnant

2010-01-15T20:39:00.000-08:00

Many people believe that having sex during pregnancy can adversely affect the fetus is conceived. He said, the fetus can be damaged and the pregnancy ended with miscarriage. They also believe that sex during pregnancy can cause infection contain. As a result, people are afraid to have intercourse when the wife was pregnant. How well according to Modern Medicine?

Sex Relationship Dynamics

Sex is needed for life satisfaction. Sex causes us to feel needed, wanted, and even loved. Sex also creates a sense of security to us. Once the importance of sex to an image of self (self image) healthy brain so often told us to stay or seek out sex as our bodies do not really want it.

Throughout the family life, of course there are times when normal sexual relations should be suspended or may be adapted to the circumstances. For example, when implementing the fasting for the Muslims, when the wife's menstruation, pregnancy or after childbirth. Both the latter case often leads to sex stopped until a long time, which really does not need to happen.

What about disease? Apparently rare disease that requires the couple to stop sexual activity at all, even though heart disease (except for very heavy). Because research shows that heart rate and blood pressure achieved at the time of orgasm, not to the level of life-threatening.

Sex When Pregnant

Quite a lot of myths about sex during pregnancy, as exemplified in the first paragraph. In fact, a fair sex have never been proven to cause miscarriage. Similarly, concerns that sex can damage the fetus, it is not unreasonable. Fetal well protected inside the amniotic sac. Amniotic fluid that surrounded the vibration function as a silencer. The cervix is covered by mucus that is a strong bull to prevent bacteria infection. Some pregnant women who may insist that their sex drive is automatically revoked in pregnancy especially the first trimester and last. In addition due to fears based on myths, this may be caused by feelings of nausea during the first trimester and feeling tired in the last trimester.

Do not forget the emotional changes a woman when I discovered she was pregnant. Many are just beginning to realize how much his life changes later. Both the pregnancy and especially after the baby is born. He must adjust his job, his lifestyle, family finances, adding servants, restructure the division of rooms, arranging furniture that may harm the baby, and much more. These concerns influenced the psyche of his wife. Not infrequently, as a result of sexual arousal was decreased further.

In addition, many women who are not happy to see changes in your body during pregnancy. They are considered increasingly elastic body that looks bad. Consequently not a few who feel reluctant to show her body to her husband, let alone have sex. Yet, on the other hand, quite a lot of people who believe that pregnant women look more sexy. There are 'light' that radiates from certain their faces. This of course happens to those who accept the pregnancy well.

Research also shows quite a lot of women who say sex during pregnancy more enjoyable. They claimed more could enjoy, so wanted to do it more often. This can be explained in terms of biology. During pregnancy, levels of circulating sex hormones in the body of women is much higher. The body becomes sensitive to stimulation. Similarly, the reaction that comes when stimulated a faster, more spontaneous, and more passionate.

However, there are certainly things that need attention. One is the change in the breast. In addition to expanding, one organ is also becoming more sensitive. Husband needs to be careful to treat so that his wife does not feel pain. In addition, in recent months, may be a leak early milk whose color is yellow (secretion of colostrum).

In recent months also, the fetus will be enlarged and filled most of the abdominal cavity and pelvis. Become very distended abdomen with a belly that may be outstanding. Abdominal skin will appear firm and shiny. At this time, the couple may have to change techniques and positions sex relationships. Leisure wife must be considered to avoid the pain. In addition, many women who often feel tired and want a lot of sleep.

Many books can be more explained the position of either sex when the wife is pregnant. Be mentioned here only a few examples of how sideways position, sitting, or spoon pedestal position. All these positions to reduce the pressure on the body of the husband's wife's stomach. Couples need to experiment yourself what the ideal position for them. It is noteworthy that the sex is too rough will cause abrasions in pain. In less awake hygiene possible local infection.

When is Sex Relationships Must Terminated

There are some circumstances when pregnancy where sexual activity should be stopped. Untk at least temporarily until a green light from the obstetrician who examined the situation. The first is if the wife had a miscarriage before. Ask your doctor's advice. Perhaps your doctor would advise you to stop sexual activity until the pregnancy was a little older (usually until the second trimester). Another condition is bleeding.

Immediately check to the obstetrician. Maybe it's not something serious but it can also start a miscarriage or placenta previa (placenta position at the mouth of the uterus) is more dangerous. Sexual activity should be stopped if already there are signs that bear out blood or mucus membranes have ruptured.

Finally it can be concluded that in normal pregnancy, there is really no reason for couples to stop the sexual activity. they can continue to do and enjoy it, since the beginning of pregnancy until the time for the delivery arrived.

HYIP Investment Tips on Safe and Comfortable

2010-01-07T21:18:00.000-08:00

You all know what would have been called HYIP (High Yield Investment Program), in accordance with the name of this investment program promising high profits extremity, but with high risk extremity too.

How high? If you all put deposits in a bank, you may only get 5-6% per YEAR! In HYIP, you will receive such interest in a matter of DAYS!

Because profit / profit reply so high, the risk is of course also very high. In addition, there are other things we need to know before you actually jump in the world of HYIPs: most of the HYIP (99.99%) will be a scam (not pay and disappear) in a different time.

So as the title above, I tried to make a kind of guideline for us all and especially new-young investors just join and want to know more about the world of HYIPs.

This strategy I quoted from various sources and supplemented with personal experience, seeing how a HYIP grow, growing, strong for many years and then slowly fell and disappeared.

One thing to remember here first:

Do not be too bold to place big money in a HYIP. (limit: Invest a sum of money you are willing to LOST!)

Selection of Investment Service Providers

2010-01-07T20:48:00.000-08:00

The most important stage is to decide where we will invest. Consideration should be taken are:

   1. Clean or not type of business
   2. How long has the business going
   3. Methods deposit / withdraw its automatic or manual?
   4. How much profit and risk
   5. How long is the investment
   6. Toughening its website (mainly from DOS attacks)

How to Make Your Money Last

2009-12-18T22:20:00.000-08:00

Once you have your Social Security strategy down, there's just one little retirement question left to consider: How can you make the money that you've so diligently saved provide the life you want for as long as you live? Oh. That.

Figuring out how to draw secure retirement income from a portfolio is a challenge in the best of times; today it's made more complicated by fear. Having seen the worst-case scenario unfold in the past year, you've probably gone into loss-avoidance mode. But deflecting market risk leaves you vulnerable to inflation risk -- and the risk that you'll outlive your money. So hiding in cash won't save you.
"No one investment can protect you from every risk you'll face," says John Ameriks, head of Vanguard Investment Counseling & Research. What you need, rather, is a basket of investments that provides:
1. Stable income you're not likely to outlive.
2. The potential for that income to grow to beat inflation.
3. The ability to access cash to meet unexpected needs.
4. Adequate protection from market downturns.

Here are three smart strategies to achieve those goals. The second offers the best chance of making your money last; however, you'll lose access to a big chunk of your savings. The others give you more control, but less certainty. There's no free lunch in retirement -- but the menu that follows presents some interesting options.

Strategy 1: The traditional stock-and-bond portfolio

YOU'RE A CANDIDATE IF ...
You have enough income from Social Security and pensions to cover most of your basic expenses (so you could weather a market storm) and/or you're confident in your ability to manage your portfolio.
THE PREMISE: You invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and cash that has the potential to generate current income and capital gains. You pull out money as needed, starting off with a 4% annual withdrawal -- $40,000 on a $1 million portfolio -- then increasing the dollar amount by the inflation rate each year.

Done correctly, this gives you a 77% shot of your money lasting 30 years, says Ibbotson Associates. The higher the withdrawal rate, the lower your odds. So this strategy may not work if you need more income than 4% would provide.

THE DRAWBACKS: A sizable loss early in retirement could undo you. If your portfolio loses 20% the first year, the chances of your savings lasting 30 years could drop to roughly 50%. Alternatively, if the market does well over the long run, you could be left with a huge sum late in life, so you would have lived more frugally than you had to.

HOW TO PULL IT OFF: Allocation is key. Going 100% into bonds might protect you from a market meltdown, but such cataclysms are rare. And you'd lose out on inflation protection. Loading up on stocks gives you a better shot at increasing your income, yet you may get mauled by a bear market. So aim for the middle ground: For someone just entering retirement, a broadly diversified fifty-fifty stock-to-bond blend like the one in the chart above, right is a reasonable starting point.

You also have to be flexible with withdrawals. In a declining market you may have to skip the inflation boost or scale back the amount you draw down. Conversely, if the markets go on a run, you may be able to take more. Check yearly at T. Rowe Price's Retirement Income Calculator.

Finally, be strategic in the way you tap assets. Start with taxable accounts; then tax-deferred (401(k)s and traditional IRAs); then tax-free Roths. That way the latter accounts compound longer without the drag of taxes, so you can build bigger balances and draw more income over time.

Strategy 2: Stocks, bonds - and an immediate annuity

YOU'RE A CANDIDATE IF ...
You need more income for basic expenses than you'll get from Social Security and pensions. Or you'd like to avoid subjecting all your savings to market volatility.

THE PREMISE: Invest a portion of your savings in a lifetime immediate annuity, an insurance product that will send you fixed monthly checks for as long as you and/or your spouse live. You'll manage the rest of your portfolio as in Strategy 1. The payoff: You'll have another layer of guaranteed income and still have funds to tap.

This strategy provides longer income security than the first because the payout from an immediate annuity can't be easily matched by another sure-bet investment. Recently immediate annuities paid out roughly 8% for a 65-year-old man, or about $40,000 a year on $500,000. You'd have to invest significantly more to get the same assured lifetime income from long-term Treasuries. The reason immediate annuities pay so well? Investors' money is pooled, allowing insurers to essentially transfer funds from early croakers to those who hang on past life expectancy.

THE DRAWBACKS: Once you hand over, say, a few hundred grand for an immediate annuity, you typically give up access to the money. You can't use it for a new roof or a vacation in France, or pass it down to your kids. Plus, if you're hit by a bus early in retirement, the annuity will have paid out less than you put in. For those reasons, many people perceive immediate annuities as potentially wasted money.
Another concern: Annuity payments are usually fixed, meaning they'll be worth less over time because of inflation. A few insurers offer inflation-adjusted immediate annuities, but the payouts start considerably lower.
Finally, while annuities eliminate market and longevity risk, they introduce another risk: Your income security is based on the financial health of the insurer.

HOW TO PULL IT OFF: In reality, money in an annuity is no more "wasted" than the premiums you pay to insure your house. So try to get over that psychological hurdle, since this strategy presents your best chance of maintaining income.

To make it work, you want to devote enough to the annuity so that the income, along with Social Security and pensions, covers your basic expenses. But you don't want to go overboard, as you'll lose too much liquidity. Plus, you'll need to use what's left to try to beat inflation, since your annuity payments won't.
There's no one "right" mix. Splitting savings fifty-fifty between an immediate annuity and a diversified portfolio can provide the same 4% inflation-adjusted income as in Strategy 1 -- but with a 99% chance of lasting 30 years. If you can live with less certainty, you can boost your income to, say, 4.5% by drawing more from your portfolio. Or, you could invest less in the annuity.

Consider buying in stages. That prevents you from over-committing and from investing all your money when interest rates -- which drive payouts -- are lowest. To mitigate the risk of insurer failure, stick to companies highly rated by Standard & Poor's and A.M. Best, then spread your money among two or three companies. Check at nolhga.com that the amount you'll invest with each company is covered by your state's insurance guaranty association.

Strategy 3: All of the above, plus a variable annuity

YOU'RE A CANDIDATE IF ...
You need more income than Social Security and pensions will provide, but you want access to more of your savings than Strategy 2 allows.

THE PREMISE: While maintaining a stock/bond portfolio, you'll also invest a portion of savings in an immediate annuity and a portion in a variable annuity with a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (a.k.a. VA with GLWB), an investment account promising a minimum withdrawal for the rest of your life.
In a VA with GLWB, you choose the investments, within limits. You can dip into the account as needed. And you can typically leave the greater of (a) the account balance or (b) your original investment minus withdrawals to your heirs. So it's more flexible than an immediate annuity.
The other advertised benefit: Your income has the potential to grow if your investments appreciate. Say you invest $250,000 and are guaranteed 5%, or $12,500 a year. If, on your contract anniversary date, a rising market has pushed your balance to $300,000 after fees, your 5% will be applied to that amount, boosting your income to $15,000.

Even if a market crash later knocks your account to $200,000, you're still guaranteed 15 grand (though if you want to cash out, you're limited to the actual account value).

THE DRAWBACKS: Flexibility comes at a price. First, variable annuities pay significantly less than immediate annuities, only about 5% for a 65-year-old. Second, the plans come with such high fees, often 3% or more a year, that it's difficult for your account value to grow at all, let alone keep pace with inflation. Third, though you can draw more than your guaranteed amount from the account, doing so will reduce your income for future years. Last, you face the same insurer risks as in Strategy 2.

HOW TO PULL IT OFF: The high fees and low payout of the VA explain why you need an immediate annuity in the mix: Without it, the odds of maintaining your target income are slightly lower than with a stock/bond portfolio alone.

Together you want the payouts, along with Social Security and pensions, to cover your basic expenses. So how much in each? The more you put in the variable annuity vs. the immediate, the more of your assets you'll have access to.

In exchange, you'll settle for a lower guaranteed payout. A reasonable mix: Put 25% of savings into an immediate annuity, put 25% in a VA, and invest the other 50%. That gives you a 92% chance of getting the income you want for 30 years. You'll end up giving away more of your savings to fees than with the other strategies, but, alas, you have to pay for security one way or another.

from : CCN Money

Sexy Investment

2009-12-16T21:41:00.000-08:00

Investment is a company's assets that were used for the growth of the distribution of wealth through investments (such as interest, royalties, dividends. And the lease), for other benefits for companies who invest like the benefits gained through trade relations.

According to Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus, (1993:183). Investment is spending by the investment related to the use of resources such as equipment, buildings, production equipment and new machinery or stock options that are expected to benefit from these investments.

From the above opinion can be concluded that the investment is the expenditure incurred by fund investors hoping to profit in the future of these investments.

Insurance in Islamic Law Perspective

2009-12-13T23:11:00.000-08:00

Insurance is a guarantee or a trade reply given by the person to reply responsible for the risk of loss as specified in the agreement in case of fire damage and so forth kecuriam or the loss of life or another accident with the insured to pay premiums wrote as much in the set to each person moon. A. Salim Abbas gives the sense that the insurance is a willingness for setting small losses as a reply is certainly big losses unheard sure. From the above sense can be concluded that it was equal pay passer-thin loss in the present in order to deal with huge losses, wrote kerugain may occur in days to come. For example the fire insurance insure one's house or store to the manufacturer's insurance company. The person must pay a premium to the insurance company. If there is a fire then the company will replace the losses caused by fire wrote it.

Insurance in Islamic Law Perspective

Given these insurance issues are common in Indonesia and in the estimate of Muslims very much involved in it is necessary also from the perspective of Islam. Among Muslims there is the assumption that insurance is not Islamic. Do-do with insurance as well as do-deny the grace of God. Allah is the determinant of all-everything and give sustenance to His creatures as the word of Allah which means "And there is no moving creature on earth but God also is well-sustenance." "? And who wrote to thee from the sky and earth? Is there a God beside Allah?? "" And we've made for you on earth needs to live and reply creatures thou wilt not giving sustenance to him. "From the third verse it is understood that God really has prepared everything for needs of all His creatures, including humans as caliph in the earth. God has prepared the raw materials rather than cooked ingredients. Human beings still need to process it look. Do-get involved into this insurance is one initiative for the future and old age. But because this insurance issue is not expressly described in the "texts" the problem is viewed as a problem "ijtihadi" the problem of differences of opinion and difficult to avoid and these disagreements should also be appreciated. Differences of opinion were seen in the following sections

      Insurance is forbidden in all forms including life insurance

      This opinion was expressed by Sayyid Sabiq Qalqii Abdullah al-Qaradawi and Muhammad Yusuf al-Muth'i grabber. Yg reasons they put it is

      Insurance conjunction with gambling

      Insurance ungur contain uncertain elements.

      Insurance contains elements of usury.

      Asurnsi an element of extortion because policyholders can not continue if the premium payments will be lost premiums have been paid or less.

      Premiums already paid will be played in the practice of usury.

      Insurance, including purchase and sale or exchange of cash currency.

      Living and dead people and businesses made objects as well as the fate ahead of God.

      Insurance in such practices allowed in the second opinion is now expressed by Abd. Wahab Khalaf Akhmad Mustafa Zarqa, Muhammad Yusuf Musa and Abd. Rakhman Isa. They reasoned

      There is no "texts" which prohibits insurance.

      There was consensus and the willingness of both parties.

      Mutual benefit of both parties.

      Insurance can overcome the public interest because the premiums collected can be invested for projects productive and development.

      Insurance included akad mudhrabah

      Insurance, including co-operatives.

      Analogikan with insurance in the pension system like the old days fiance.

      Anticipatory social insurance in the permitted and prohibited commercial third opinion is held among others by Muhammad Abdu Zahrah. The reason this third group the same as the first group of commercial insurance and the same with the second group of reasons in anticipatory social insurance. The reason the insurance group that says syubhat is because there is no firm arguments reply illegitimate bastard or not the insurance. From the above description it is understood that expanding insurance issues in society today there are still questions and invite yg doubt that it was difficult for determining which wrote most closely to the legal provisions terkenal. If there is another way of reply can be taken that way through proper reply. New alternative road adl wrote insurance offered under the terms of the Islamic religion. In this state should adhere to the words of the Prophet Muhammad "Leave the things you doubt the yagn things do not doubt you." Insurance according to Islamic religious teachings have started to be promoted in our society in Indonesia is the same as the existing insurance for reply This at PT. Asuransi Bumi Putera Jiwasraya Insurance and other insurance. Same colors but different from the sisitem work with mudaraba system. We see in the Takaful insurance based on Shariah there are several kinds of them

      Fire Takaful. Takaful insurance provides fire protection to property tehadap as industrial shops and offices etc. reply from losses caused by the fall of an aircraft fire gas explosion and lightning strikes.

      Takaful pengankutan goods. This form of insurance provides protection against loss of property was in the reply due to the risk of transmission attributable transport equipment experienced natural disasters or accidents.

      Family takaful takaful insurance is included inside the family takaful plan Futures financing health education and tourism and takaful Umroh pilgrimage. Funds collected from the participants are invested according to Islamic principles. Then the results obtained with the way mudaraba divided for all participants and for the company. For example 40% for participants and 60% for the company.

      As mentioned above that the same kind of conventional suransi only with syariah-based insurance reply. But in its implementation there is a fundamental difference to the results based on sharia yg insurance and thus not in conventional insurance. Besides, there is another reason to be a reply for consideration by the fence, especially menghramkan conventional insurance caused by three things

      Gharar In conventional insurance is not clear gharar krn yg underlying akad. Is Tabaduli or akad akad Takafuli. For example it happens if an insurance claim such as yg taken ten years and the premium payment was adl gharar and unclear where it came from. Takaful insurance different from that from the beginning the policy was intended to open 95% premium for savings and 5% is intended for tabarru. If there is a claim in the fifth year and wrote Rp. 7500000-gharar but it is not clear which is the source of the latest collection of funds / appropriation.

      About Maisir clear legal gambling is unlawful as in firmankan God in the letter of al-Maidah 90. In conventional insurance gambling two things occur krn

      If someone enters a premium is just possible that he stopped krn reason. If the stop street before reaching the refreshing pheriod he could receive his money back and the number is approximately 20% and the money will be burnt. In such circumstances there is judinya element.

      If death is the right calculation and determine the amount of the policy is also appropriate pearusahaan will benefit. But if one in the calculation of the company will lose money. So here is clear element of gambling. In different takaful insurance policyholders krn receiver before reaching even refreshing period when he took the money then it is in permissible. Insurance company is the holder of the mandate. In fact there is an excess kalu / fortunately it was accepted polispun holders.

      Riba In konvensioanal insurance krn also occur usury funds invested. While the problem of usury questioned by the scholars. There are scholars who call ada yg allow unlawful and there was also told syubhat reply. Road beaten by takaful insurance is a way mudhrabah. Thus there is no riba in the takaful insurance. In order to reply takaful insurance based Islamic sharia can walk and grow in our society so that takaful insurance needs to be disseminated and its management should be carried out cleanly and neatly so gained the confidence of the public. Communities actually want real proof of an idea to get a guarantee for peace is still alive and want to guarantee for children is also derived after death. If the reply takaful insurance based on Islamic sharia is to realize the will of the community members passer-dripped pleased with the things syubhat and faced legal provisions contradictory reply will be reduced.

Understanding Insurance

2009-12-12T08:31:00.000-08:00

As we know one way of handling risk is to insure a risk to the insurance company. This method is considered as the most important methods in an effort to cope with risk. Therefore many people who argue that the same risk management with insurance. Though the actual state is not the case.

Insurance coverage means the transaction, which involves two parties, the insured and the insurer. Where the insurer guarantees the insured party, that he would get a replacement for a loss which may be suffered, as a result of an event which initially is not necessarily going to happen or who previously could not be determined as / when they occurred. As the kontraprestasinya require the insured to pay some money to the insurer, the amount of several percent of the insured value, usually called "premium".

In terms of Economy, then:

  Objective:
reduce the uncertainty of the results of the work done by a person or company in order to meet the needs or objectives.
  Technique:
by way of transfer of risk to other parties and other parties combine a number of significant risks, which can be more precisely estimated amount of potential losses.

In terms of Law, then:

  Objective: remove the risks faced by an object or a business activity to another party.
  Technique: through the payment of premiums by the insured to the insurer in the compensation contract (insurance policy), then the risk of switching to the insurer.

In terms of Mathematical, then:

  Objective:
predicting the amount of risk and the possibility of the prediction results were used to divide the basis of risk to all participants (a group of participants) insurance program.
  Technique:
calculating the possibility based on probability theory ( "Probability Theory"), conducted by the actuary and the underwriter.

Insurance Terms

2009-12-12T08:19:00.000-08:00

   * Recipient Heritage - Name of person listed in the policy to receive compensation in the event of death of the insured.

    * Application - Form to be filled by the candidate and the candidate Insured Policyholder when applying for insurance protection to the Person.

    * The value of cash / redemption value - The amount of money to be received by the policyholder when he cashed in his life insurance policy that has the benefits of saving value.


    * Claim - Request / demand a policy owner to the insurance company for payment of compensation in accordance with the provisions of a policy.

    * Contestable Period (Probation) - period (two years) where the Person entitled to question or investigate the truth of the information / data provided the Insured or Policyholder in an application letter to determine the subsequent decisions of the policy contract.

    * Investment-linked Plan (insurance program that is associated with the investment) - Premium-paid premiums are used either to purchase insurance protection benefits as well as units in an investment portfolio. Unit price will depend on the investment performance of funds.

    * Expiry (lapse) - The loss of benefits / insurance policyholder protection the premium payment due or exceeds the period of suspended payments Latitude

    * Lapse Notification - Notification in writing of the Person to Policyholders that her policy lapse.

    * Maturity Date (due date) - date agreed upon at the time an insurance company paying some cash money.

    * Medical Check-up - health checks undertaken by the potential insured

    * Minor - A person who was under age, ie under 21 years old and unmarried.

    * Recovery - Returns the status of the policy to lapse into inforce restore benefits / return guarantee.

    * Person - Insurance Companies that provide insurance protection through agreements in insurance contracts.

    * Policy lapse (policyholders through time) - Termination of insurance Penanggungan as a result of not pay premiums.

    * Insurance Policy - A contract that includes life insurance agreement between the Policyholder and Person.

    * Orphan policies - policies that agents no longer active.

    * Policy On / Inforce - Insurance Policy which pays a premium payment on time or have been paid fully.

    * Automatic Premium Loan / Automatic Premium Loan (APL) - automatic policy loan taken from the cash value policy (as long as sufficient cash values) to pay off the unpaid premiums until the end of freedom (not applicable to Life Insurance Policy Unit Link).

    * Premium Notice - Notice of Policyholder Person to the number of premiums will be due.

    * Premiums - The amount of money specified in the policy to be paid to the Person for a number of benefits listed in the insurance contract.

    * Regular Premium Policy (regular premium policies) - A policy that requires regular premium payments, for example, monthly, every four months, every six months or yearly.

    * Rider (additional benefits) - Riders are additional benefits that can be included in a basic insurance programs, such as comprehensive insurance program (whole life plan) or a program of assistance (endowment). These benefits are designed to provide additional financial protection for less money.

    * Risk Based Capital - Ratio to measure the health and financial security of insurance companies based on their capital's ability to cover all existing losses.

    * Single Premium Policy (policy with premiums paid once) - A policy that requires only one premium payment made in advance.

    * Sum Assured (number Pertangungan Money) - The amount of money insured security to policyholders.

    * Surrender - Sales Person in the policy to the Cash Value of the already formed at the time of the sale of the policy carried out.

    * Insured - The person who lives / health insurance are covered in the Contract.

    * Sum Insured (Face Amount) - Money Pertangggungan listed on the policy page that will be paid in the event of death or other policy conditions are paid at the coverage period ends in accordance with the kinds of insurance taken. Not including the additional amount to be paid for any other special provisions.

    * Underwriting (insurance) - The process of assessment / evaluation and classification of degree of risk related to the prospective insured, as well as making the decision to accept or reject the risk.

    * Whole Life Plan (comprehensive insurance programs) - Types of life insurance program offers protection / life protection against death or, if applicable, comprehensive disability and permanent, to the insured.

*) axa-financial

Choosing a Good Insurance Company

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Choosing a good insurance company is not easy. Especially in the midst of intense competition among insurance companies today.

Many insurance companies claim they are the best. This can be seen if there is an insurance product offered to the public through ads, almost nothing is less. Similarly, the performance they do, always featured a fine. Somewhat rarely express insurance company management weaknesses they experience.

However, there are several factors that should be considered in the process of choosing a particular insurance company for life insurance and loss.

Things to remember that in choosing a private insurance company, then that should be considered in general are three factors: First, the financial strength (security). Second, services (service). And third, the cost.

The financial strength of insurance related to the company's financial ability to fulfill its promise if the situation requires. It is important to know, because not a few insurance companies are looking at the flashy exterior. For example storey building, a vehicle that good directors. But when there claims from customers, the company can not pay.

In assessing the financial strength of this there are some benchmarks that need attention.

    * Asset and liability. This can be seen from the financial balance sheet is published in the newspaper. See also, whether planted in the current investment or longterm. In terms of liability (ability to pay off liabilities) will look at the balance sheet, how the debts by reasuradur, how he fulfilled the obligation to pay claims, and so forth.

Indicators of net liabilities include equity (own capital) divided by net premiums (net premiums) of at least 50%. Own capital divided by gross premiums (gross premiums) of at least 20%. Limits solvabilitasnya level, which looks from its own capital divided by net premiums of at least 10% and investment funds a minimum technical reserves divided by 100%.

    * Underwriting Policy. On the balance sheet and annual report will be seen that the insurance is still a profit, or profit growth. This means it underwiting polcy good.
    * Underwriter him. Insurance has personnel qualified or not. It is known from the profile companies that includes the underwriters him.

Services (service) is the extent to which the mirror of human resources at the company's qualified or not. Moreover, insurance companies are selling a service, so excellent service is the key. For example, the extent to which the speed of service in both the policy issue especially in the payment of compensation or claim. In addition, about the service can actually be felt by the customer. Is this insurance company was absolutely the best service for its customers.

In this connection should also be questioned, whether this insurance company in reinsurance mereasuransikan first-class safety. This can be seen from its annual report. It is important to note, because if the company is not in - backed up by reinsurance, the company is likely to be speculative in receiving the premiums.

The problem is how much the cost of expenses incurred by insurance companies in operation. If it is greater than the cost of income, then obviously the company is not efficient. If it's not efficient, it will end up losing money. And if the losses continue, certainly not healthy.

In this connection, could also see the price premiums. Compare the price of insurance premiums with other insurance. Where the quality really good.

Today the government has set a benchmark of health insurance (not the only one) is through mekanime RBC (risk capital base). If his numbers of RBC, it means the company is valued in good condition. But we must not be fixed solely with RBC numbers. Because, can also be a large company that is doing great expansion like to open many branches, then his RBC numbers would be small.

Conversely, there is a small insurance company but never to expand, the RBC number was probably much greater.

Thus, RBC numbers can not be used as the only measure, whether the insurance company is healthy or not.

In this case, also noteworthy is the company's performance in two or three years. How big profits every year, how much the gross premiums they receive each year, how much additional capital and assets every year.

And last but not least is how the company's management behavior for this. Is there a management company for this broken promise? Has this company management experience defaults, and so forth.

Importance of Insurance

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Insurance has not seen as urgent needs. Current focus is to provide for basic needs because the average income level of people who are still relatively low. This situation is in accordance with Abraham Maslow's theory that puts the security needs (including insurance) on the second level of basic needs. It is rather difficult to expect people to buy insurance when to eat and drink and their daily needs still can not be fulfilled.
Second, other extreme conditions of the insurance is considered no longer needed. The reason this group of people already have money and a lot of productive assets. An abundant amount of property and productive assets that generate the money has to be considered protectionist. So you no longer need insurance to cover risks that may arise.

Third, insurance benefits is not well understood. Included in this third group of people who say it means buying insurance to predict death or those who say "Life and death at the hands of God. Why should I think?" In fact, insurance was not questioned as such deaths. The problems are observed or anticipated problems after the death and its impact on the people living associated with it such as a spouse, children, and families.

Anticipate and Risk Protection

Insurance is the protection and rescue equipment from a variety of possible risks in life that is full of risks. Some risks are even certain, in the sense that will happen though humans try to avoid or postpone it by any means. Death, illness, aging, and retirement, are examples of risks for the inevitable. In addition, there are many other risks not necessarily happen but it could happen at any time for ourselves or our families, such as loss of valuables. The reasons can vary, such as robbery, theft, fire, and accidents. All events will be an impact or consequences for us or our family, like it or not, ready or not, like it or not. One of the consequences of that risk is the family's financial problems.

Definition And Functions Of Insurance

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Many definitions have been given to the term insurance, which on the face there is no similarity between the definition of each other. This is understandable, because they are defined according to the perspective that they use in looking at insurance, which in accordance with the above description that insurance can be viewed from several angles.

Definsi-definition include:

1. The definition of insurance under Article 246 of Law Book Trade Law (KUHD) Republic of Indonesia:

"Insurance or coverage is an agreement, by which a person committed themselves to the insured to receive a premium, to provide reimbursement to him for any loss, damage or loss of expected profit, which may be suffered due to a particular event can not".

Based on these definitions, then the insurance contained 4 elements, namely:

· The insured (Insured) which promised to pay the premiums to the insurer, all at once or gradually.

· The underwriter (insure) that promised to pay some money (compensation) to the insured, all at once or gradually if there is something that does not contain certain elements.

· An event (accident) is not certain (previously unknown).

· Interest (interest) which may be suffered losses due to certain events that do not.

2. According to the definition of insurance. Prof. Mehr and Cammack:

"Insurance is a means to reduce financial risk, by way of collecting exposure units in sufficient numbers, to make the individual losses can be estimated. Then the predictable losses were borne equally by those who joined".

3. Prof. according to the definition of insurance. Mark R. Green:

"Insurance is an economic institution which aims to reduce risk, by combining in a number of management objects large enough numbers, so the overall loss can be predicted within certain limits".

4. Definition of insurance by Arthur C. William Jr. and Richard M. Heins, which defines the insurance based on two points of view, namely:

· "Insurance is a security against financial loss by an insurer".

· "Insurance is an agreement by which two or more persons or entities to raise funds to cover financial loss".

5. Definition of insurance according to Safir Senduk

"Life Insurance is a promise from the insurance company told its customers that if the customer runs the risk of death in life, then the insurance company will give a particular amount of compensation to the heirs of those customers. By taking Life Insurance, it is expected that you leave the party no difficulty in paying cost her life. "

Based on these definitions above would be about the definition of insurance that can cover all points of view:
"Insurance is a means to reduce the risk inherent in the economy, by way of manggabungkan units affected by the risk of the same or nearly the same, in large enough quantities, so that the probability of losses can be predicted and if the predicted losses will occur in a proportional share by all parties in the joint ".

Insurance Function:

1. Transfer Risk

By paying a relatively small premium, a person or company can move the uncertainty of life and property (risk) to the insurance company

2. Collection Fund

Premiums received and collected by the insurance company as a fund to pay for the risk that happening.